第 343 期从观众到社区

2PM-Opener

致创作者的一封公开信 现在,可行的会员制新闻通讯即使没有成千上万,也有成百上千。这是一件大好事--对于创作者和消费者来说都是一个明确的优势。在这成千上万份新闻通讯中,有很多都是原创观点、新闻和分析的来源,对专业生态系统来说非常有价值。这些想法的综合才具有最大的潜在影响。如果说教育是无价的,那么我们正在进入一个创造价值的新时代。想象一下启蒙时代的咖啡馆。

有经营者经营的通讯,他们发表原创性的想法。还有一些有意义的信件,对他人的观点进行整理。其中有些是新闻报道,有些则是对行业发展进行分类和评论。通常情况下,一个人撰写的报道会经过其他人的润色。华尔街日报》CNBC等主流媒体也会经常采用原创概念,并将其变成自己的内容。就像咖啡馆一样,这是一种有价值的信息综合形式。

约翰-道尔是密歇根州立大学的教授。在他近 40 年的职业生涯中,他教授过英语、社会学和人类学。他的 "综述导论 "课程介绍了以下内容:

综述是利用一个或多个资料来源进行的书面讨论。因此,您撰写综述的能力取决于您推断资料来源之间关系的能力,包括散文、文章、小说以及非书面资料来源,如讲座、访谈、观察等。这个过程对您来说并不陌生,因为您一直都在推断各种关系--比如,您在报纸上读到的东西与您亲眼看到的东西之间的关系,或者您最喜欢和最不喜欢的教师的教学风格之间的关系。

在启蒙时代(1715-1789 年),欧洲人只要买一杯饮料就能进入咖啡馆。但喝酒只是入场费,谈话才是吸引力所在。推动这个时代前进的不仅仅是关于社会学、经济学和法律问题的谈话。有时,顾客会无意中听到一些概念,这些概念会填补他们自己思想上的空白。其他谈话则直接或间接地巩固了关键性的观点。

咖啡馆的灵感

2015 年 11 月,我在咖啡馆的一次谈话让我印象深刻,这是我参加过的最重要的专业讨论之一。讨论的主题是社区的机制,以及对能够最大限度利用偶然性的工具的需求。在 2015 年末一个闲散的日子里,我开始筹划推出当时名为2PM Links 的网站。我支付了一项名为 "Goodbits"的服务,并推出了网站的登陆页面。在推特上推动 "2PM "的想法一周左右后,我确认第一封信将发布给12位读者。接下来,我将每周发布五天,连续发布 180 个工作日。

在纸面上:2PM 链接 "一方面是原创概念,另一方面是数据和叙事的综合,是对发展动态的梳理,将讲述一个故事。电子邮件本身将允许进行 1:1 对话。参与度最高的读者会写信解释他们是如何识别微观趋势和大型运动的。其他人则会解释如何综合每封信以达到最佳效果。有时,我会读到一位早期订阅者发来的电子邮件,解释几周来的一组文章如何帮助他们规划公司的下一步。在近两年的时间里,这些信件帮助他们维持了保持业务一致性的动力。

伸展距离与深度

为了创办一个旨在慢慢成长的刊物,我一直在成熟的公司里担任有报酬的职务。不过,在创办这家刊物时,我正处于媒体工作的间歇期。我曾在两家数字媒体出版商管理或领导过电子商务,从这两种风格迥异的基于转换(阅读:联盟)的出版方式中学到了很多东西。


A 公司建立了一个超目标漏斗,专门针对特定(富裕)消费者。在这里,直接流量很高,搜索引擎优化是次要漏斗。品牌是最重要的。这家公司将依靠它。公司 B建立的系统依靠的是搜索引擎优化和话题兴趣,而不是平台本身的影响力。对B 公司而言,读者忠诚度是搜索引擎优化发现的次要因素。访问者点击阅读的是他们偶然发现的话题。如果 A是一个漏斗,那么它就会又短又宽。信任是随着时间的推移而建立起来的。对于A 来说,读者群是由对平台的忠诚度驱动的。与此同时,B漏斗 通过优化文章的主题关键词来吸引新读者。它的漏斗更长,整个漏斗有多个入口。这些入口也是退出的机会。流失率更高。

结果是

  • A 公司:受众较少,忠诚度较高,转化率较高。180 万至 220 万 MAU。产品细分市场:现代奢侈品。
  • B 公司:忠诚度较低、转换率较低、受众较多。600-700 万 MAU。产品细分:从平易近人的奢侈品到日常交易。

AB继续以不同的目标经营着成功的媒体品牌。俗话说,猫有猫的皮,猫有猫的皮。


为了证明通讯的长期可行性,我给自己分配了 180 个字母来思考问题。随着事情的进展,2PM 公司越来越具有A 公司的特征。当我写到第 180 封信时,会有三种选择:

  1. 推进并发布第 181 号
  2. 关信
  3. 重设平台,建立公司

我的选择是第三个方案。在我长达 7 页的潦草计划中,我同意强调深度而非广度。我会继续强调媒体的 "A "版本。为此,我强调付费订阅模式。然后是数据/咨询模式。之后是高管社区。这些举措将使我能够把收入再投资于改进服务、设计、内容开发和更广泛的整体访问。

从受众到社区

在 2017 年 12 月至 2018 年 1 月的两周时间里,我将 Goodbits 重新平台化为 Mailchimp,并围绕 Memberful 整合进行了设计。我对品牌和设计进行了投资。我在空闲时间编写了网站 v1 的大部分代码。后来,我将大约 240 个版本的 2PM 逐一导入 WordPress 网站。2018 年 3 月,经过两个月的测试,2PM 的第一个会员向《周一来信》的订阅者推出。

屏幕截图 2020-01-07 at 1.51.20 AM
2PM 如何运作。| 关于

这样,2PM 的系统就成了一个漏斗。大约 10% 的订阅者会成为执行会员。在收到邀请后,一定比例的执行会员会选择与多个数字行业中志同道合的高管直接交流。

2PM 的执行成员社区 Polymathic 的灵感来自两个不同的想法。

  • 该论坛旨在通过以下方式帮助有才能的高管开发新的核心竞争力:(a) 找出盲点,(b) 向掌握这些追求的领导者学习。
  • 当我来到最近一次Code Commerce 时,我记得我在会场的第一个小时内进行了四次精彩的对话。他们是杰森-德尔雷(Jason Del Rey)、亚历克斯-陶西格(Alex Taussig)、马克-洛尔(Marc Lore)和珍-卢比奥(Jen Rubio)。
1D49AA7D-BD20-4B00-BDC0-0B424ADC810B
执行委员晚宴:顺丰(12 月)

参加 Recode 为期两天的活动,门票从 2000 美元到 4000 美元不等。在这方面,定价起到了重要作用。在那里,与你交谈的每个人都有可能给你留下宝贵的印象。这些活动往往会吸引高层经营者。在这些重要活动的主题演讲之间,几乎不会浪费交谈的时间,而且每次课外互动都会增加专业价值。因此,活动并不是唯一的产品。参会者社区提供了额外的价值。多数学论坛的设计类似于圣丹斯PopTech、谷歌的Solve for XFOO营等顶级会议的数字走廊。随着人数的增加,会场的实力也在增强。

从在我们的月度圆桌会议上接待 15-25 名执行成员,到建立 2PM 的Polymathic,从受众到社区的转变提供了以前无法想象的偶然性。订阅收入成为这里的关键变量。付费会员制提供了广告平台无法提供的机会。举个实际的例子,快餐店和四星级餐厅的区别就在这里。

餐馆一般分为两种。一种连锁店标榜 "服务数十亿人"。这强调了公司的关键绩效指标:覆盖面、数量和大众满意度。但是,如果你并不想让大众满意呢?第二种类型的餐厅除了注重食物和服务的质量外,还注重谈话的氛围。在后一种环境中,更容易发现偶然性。这体现了从优先考虑受众(覆盖面)到优先考虑社区(深度)的转变。 

GoDaddy 的高级营销经理 Andy McIllwain 对时事通讯行业的发展以及从受众到社区的转变有一个有趣的想法。他在一系列简短的推文中解释道:

2010 年代是社交媒体平台彻底开放的年代--一个巨大的、难以管理的烂摊子。未来十年呢?钟摆重新摆回兴趣和目的的小众社区。

麦克尔温继续说道:

社区收入模式:直接赞助、分级会员费、联盟佣金和付费体验(活动、疗养)。品牌需要参与其中。这是从受众到社区的转变。

虽然在Substack 出现之前就有会员制新闻通讯,但随着 A16Z 支持的平台越来越受欢迎,付费社区的概念也得到了普及。就像在您最喜欢的餐厅就餐一样,在这些环境中,如果操作得当,食物只是吸引人的一部分。另一部分则是氛围和环境。对于 2PM,社区的理念更进一步。行政会员资格为偶然性带来了合法的机会。每年,我们会邀请付费会员在主要市场(纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥、奥斯汀和波士顿)之一参加十次免费晚宴。

这样一来,由媒体驱动的封闭式社区就成了数字公共空间噪音的解毒剂。你可以在以下刊物中看到这一点:Trapital、Petition、Off The Chain、Stratechery 和 Thing Testing:TrapitalPetition、Off The Chain、Stratechery Thing Testing。 在每一个案例中,每一位媒体创始人都孜孜不倦地为其付费会员提供价值。会员资格是对未来的投票,也是对现在的投票。这样的企业还有更大的发展空间。而这些项目往往始于围绕原创想法的简单策略。希望有更多的新闻简报推出,更多的社区形成。我们应该鼓励参与和竞争。创意就是这样形成的。整个生态系统就是今天的咖啡馆。这不仅仅是媒体的未来,它还象征着人类将数字优先文化作为自身文化的更大转变。

点击此处阅读第 343 号信函

报道:Web Smith | 编辑:Carolyn Penner |约 2PM

第 337 期:坚持运动

For as long as there has been athletic competition, there has been a narrative that permeates from the field of play. Gladiators of Rome were commonly first-generation slaves, bought and sold at the whim of their owners – the sporting promoters of their day. Like today’s gladiator sports, cruelty was a part of the spectacle. And the minds of the time contrasted in their approval or disapproval of their era’s proudest spectacle. Great minds like Seneca disapproved of the competition. Marcus Aurelius once abolished a tax on gladiator-based taxes and commerce; he wanted nothing to do with the capitalism of it all. And still, he couldn’t resist hosting lavish games from time to time. The spectacle of cruelty was insatiable to the average man and the great one – alike.

As it was, as it will always be. Sports was never without its social commentary. Jesse Owens’ olympic showing wasn’t just impressive because of the speed of his feet; he beat the myth of German superiority with a foot race. Jackie Robinson wasn’t just a baseball player, he was remembered as a hero. That was the narrative that was formed about the man, even while his involvement lacked the popular sentiment that it is awarded today. Janet Guthrie was a media fixture, not just because of her precedent off of the track but because of her accomplishments on it. Before Danica Patrick, there was her. And with a little more support from sponsors and officials, she could have accomplished much more.

Since when has sports been about athletic accomplishment alone?

On a November evening after the Baltimore Ravens’ decisive victory against the undefeated New England Patriots, ESPN National NFL Writer Kevin Seifert made a statement with a simple tweet. He listed three quarterbacks, each of whom are considered candidates to win the league’s coveted most valuable player award. The quarterbacks that Seifert listed: Russell Wilson, Deshaun Watson, and Lamar Jackson are what veteran industry analysts would call: unconventional, mobile, dual-threat. However, they’re more than that. In each case, whether these quarterbacks pass or rush, they lead from the front. More than anything else, that’s their common thread.

Kevin Seifert on Twitter

If we’re doing the MVP now, I’m going: 1. Russell Wilson 2. Deshaun Watson 3. Lamar Jackson

Here is a selection of quarterbacks drafted before 2019’s MVP candidates: Ryan Tannehill, Brandon Weeden, Brock Osweiler, Mitchell Trubisky, Baker Mayfield, Sam Darnold, Josh Allen, and Josh Rosen. To the casual observer, this thought may as well be morse code. So consider the following: the National Football League has never had three African-American quarterbacks in the front running for most valuable player. And certainly not in an era of the sport’s greatest quarterbacks, namely Tom Brady and Aaron Rodgers. We’re still in a period of firsts in this 150 year old sport. Brigham Young University started their first African-American quarterback in the year 2019. The sentiments of the 1950’s still linger. So what Seifert was doing was making a statement without controversy. To the untrained eye, it was merely the fact of the matter. But to those who understand the historical significance, it was a dog whistle of sorts.

“If you ask me is there a false narrative out there, I will tell you ESPN being a political organization is false,” he said. “I will tell you I have been very, very clear with employees here that it is not our jobs to cover politics, purely.” [1]

But even with the mandate by new ESPN President Jimmy Pitaro, Seifert found a way to toe the proverbial line. Wilson, the 75th pick of the 2012 draft is now the highest paid quarterback in the league. Bears quarterback Mitchell Trubisky was drafted before Watson. And Ravens quarterback Lamar Jackson was publicly and privately coaxed to convert to wide receiver by many in the media. He didn’t fit the image. His chorus of detractors included former Indianapolis Colts GM Bill Polian [2].

After this historic game, Bleacher Report took a muted approach as to avoid the conversation altogether. In the NFL, running backs don’t win MVP over transcendent quarterbacks. In the last 20 years, just four have won. Sixteen quarterbacks have been selected in that time. Just the same, here was their take:

And [Jackson] a clear MVP candidate. This game firmly planted him in that discussion, along with Panthers running back Christian McCaffrey, Seahawks quarterback Russell Wilson and Texans quarterback Deshaun Watson.[3]

Meanwhile, at Deadspin, the two lead stories are written by a generic “Deadspin.” A sign that no one is behind the wheel. The reports were merely a collection of embedded tweets. There’s one on the Ravens surprise victory. The one where the quarterback (that should have played receiver) trounced the greatest of all time. As the two shook hands upon leaving the field of play – battered and bruised – Jackson uttered “You’re the GOAT.” As if Brady needed a reminder. The other Deadspin “story” featured the Cleveland Browns latest off-the-field issue.

The only report with any personality was written by Karu F. Daniels of The Root, another property of G/O Media. It was repurposed into Deadspin content. One can only wonder what Deadspin would have written about a unique moment in the sport’s vaunted history. But the site is currently a shell of its former self. The staff quit en masse after being told to by G/O Media management to “stick to sports.” A common refrain in today’s corporate media.

G/O Media is the product of Great Hill Partners’ acquisition of the former Gizmodo Media Group. The all-equity transaction was facilitated with Jim Spanfeller, best known for his leadership at Forbes.com. Perhaps, it’s his lack of experience in sports media that permitted such a fatal miscalculation.

The Irony of The “Stick to Sports” Mandate

Google Search interest for “Stick to Sports” peaks in September 2017

On its merits, the nature of the phrase is divisive. When ESPN’s Rachel Nichols spoke out in September of 2017, the peak of its interest, she raised questions around the hypocrisy of it. It was around that time when J.J. Watt was rightly praised for raising $20 million for hurricane relief while other athletes faced pushback for highlighting other extracurricular causes – most often around social justice issues. With the current state of American politics at a relative boiling point, the separation of societal politics and corporate entertainment have never been more difficult to parse. ESPN found ways around its “stick to sports” mandate by elevating intelligent and nuanced figures like Pablo Torre, Stephen A. Smith, Max Kellerman,and Bomani Jones. Deadspin wasn’t as forward thinking and they ultimately paid for that.

“Stick to sports” is, of course, a fault line in 2019’s culture wars. [4]

But as the state of our political machine continues to polarize Americans, the mandate becomes harder and harder to follow. Yet, it becomes more important to disobey. In fact, at some point, the mandate becomes bad business. This is especially true for digital media where Deadspin rival and The Chernin Group-owned Barstool Sports has thrived by using sports as a platform to enter adjacent conversations. And I am using the word “adjacent” liberally here. Several of the top stories on Barstool Sports currently include an Instagram influencer questioning his history syllabus, a feature on the “Watchmen” series, and a woman that tattooed her eyeballs.

The banner of Barstool’s homepage features a link to the media group’s famed Chicks podcast. And all of this is to say, it seems to be working for Barstool. This includes its cozy relationship with Fox News, including regular appearances by founder Dave Portnoy on Tucker Carlson. And this isn’t an argument against their approach. Rather, it was an acknowledgment that Barstool Sports has thus far succeeded by understanding the property’s psychographic. The Chernin Group seems to have avoided the stick to sports conversation with CEO Erika Nardini.

Ringer, Deadspin, B/R, Barstool and Psychographics

Consumer psychology involves the interest in lifestyle, behavior, and habit. It’s an encompassing measure that considers our idiosyncrasies, our temperament, and even our subtle personality traits. These are the variables that influence our behavior as consumers. Psychographic segmentation is the analysis of a consumer cohort’s lifestyle with the intent to create a detailed profile.

The Ringer is jovial and care-free. Bleacher Report is dead-pan with the occasionally dry humor. Barstool is edgy and offensive as a strategy. And so was Deadspin.

While largely focused on sports, Deadspin for years had delved into a broad range of topics in a voice that was sometimes rude, often funny and always conversational. On Tuesday, the site’s top editor, Barry Petchesky, was fired after refusing to go along with the order. The departures shocked fans of the site, which put a new spin on sports coverage for a generation of digital natives. But they were the result of a long buildup of resentment between the journalists and their new bosses, according to interviews with 13 current and former employees of Deadspin and G/O Media.[5]

Nov 4: Barstool’s Homepage

For Deadspin, the majority of their sensationalism involved topics that were completely unrelated to sports in substance, this report isn’t necessarily about the history of those articles. Bill Simmons’ The Ringer shares a similar narrative with Barstool. On the homepage, you’ll find stories about Mr. Robot, Jeopardy, AppleTV+, and The Watchmen. Bleacher Report contrasts the three. The publication leans heavily towards strict sports coverage, a methodology that works for them. But even B/R featured an epic story on Colin Kaepernick written by Rembert Browne. And most recently – a story about Jared Lorenzen, the former Kentucky quarterback who died prematurely. Which brings me to the point: where do you draw the line when your publication covers sports? Collegiate and professional sports represent a layer of American life, not the totality of it. Sports is merely a dimension, not the whole.

No Code and The Business Case FOr: Stick To Sports

OM on Twitter

Let me rewrite this tweet from Jason. 1/ Deadspin writers are immensely talented and have a huge following. They have a lot of goodwill at present and as a result they should Marshall their collective resources and start a new publication. Let’s call it SpunOut. https://t.co/161I1HkInj

The editors and writers who resigned from Deadspin had a basis for their frustration. Sticking to sports is a nearly impossible proposition in today’s media. Given how rare it is to see a media company stick to their original charter, it’s understandable that Deadspin’s former employees saw the charge for what it really was: a euphemism for staying away from covering athletes who’ve immersed themselves in left-leaning causes.

But we’re in an ever-expansive era of digital media. Companies are rewarded for reaching. Complex Media is developing television shows and consulting third parties on commerce and audience development. Barstool Sports has a podcast starring two employees who discuss their friendship and sex lives, and Bleacher Report successfully collaborated on soccer kits with top hip hop artists.

Whatever happens moving forward, the Deadspin that was is no longer. It was one machine of a blog with nearly 30 million monthly visits and a penchant for engaging and re-engaging their loyal readers, many who’d visit the site multiple times per day. But it begs the question, if Deadspin was still Deadspin, what might they have written of Kevin Seifert’s idea? How would it have covered a tweet that should have been more than inconsequential. It’s doubtful that Deadspin may have told the story in the same ways that Barstool, Bleacher Report, ESPN, and The Ringer relayed theirs. To those platforms, the MVP race was not a story at all. But take it from NFL veteran and commentator Cris Collinsworth. As the Ravens led the Patriots, with the crowd in disbelief, Collinsworth quipped:

We’re going to be able to point to quarterbacks in the NFL that got a chance because of this night.

But in 2019, for many digital publishers, that’s too loaded of a statement. But many understood what it meant. And that understanding is part of the story too. The market has a need and the opportunity rests on the journalists who decide to forge their own paths. It’s only right that Deadspin alumni launches a Substack with the call sign of their mandate: Stick to Sports. Used ironically,  of course, as one last jab at the man they called an herb. The publication would almost instantly lead the Substack board.

With that model, Deadspin’s former writers and editors would have the freedom to do it the right way. Anyone who’s ever played the game knows that sports doesn’t end when you step off of the field of play. A sport is America’s pastime, it’s the most watched television event, it’s the most expensive event ticket, it’s the basis of a nation’s network of country and athletic clubs. Across America, hotels are built solely to support a thriving youth sports cultures of areas that would otherwise be barren without its expensive field complexes. Young people wear jerseys and the shoes of sporting legends. And adults bet and cry and yell and travel to watch their teams. It’s the irrationality of it all that reminds us that sticking to sports is an impossible task. And media should reflect that impossibility. Seifert knew the significance of his tweet, America should have known it too.

报告人:Web Smith |大约 2PM

成员简介:Substack 和当地新闻

纸张.png

纽约时报》做了一件非同寻常的事。 这家传统出版商从传统出版商转向了适合这个技术和超级互联时代的媒体玩法。纽约时报》(NYT)利用现在,用过去换取未来。2015 年,美国正处于近代以来最具分裂性的政治运动中。纽约时报》利用这一时刻,就像品牌营销人员利用重大体育赛事或好莱坞颁奖典礼一样。它成为故事的一部分,并在这一过程中重新定义了传统媒体。

本会员简报专为以下人士设计 执行委员为了方便加入,您可以点击下面的链接,获取数百份报告、我们的 DTC 权力清单和其他工具,帮助您做出高水平的决策。

在此加入