备忘录中美洲收入

纳什维尔、奥斯汀和哥伦布等曾被视为 "美国中等收入 "的城市正在重新定义某些消费特征。这些城市让零售商们重新思考如何评估前6-10大城市以外的财富分配。与纽约、旧金山和洛杉矶等沿海城市相比,南部和中西部地区一直被认为是中等收入消费者更集中的地区。古驰(Gucci)和普拉达(Prada)等奢侈品零售商正在超越对中西部的刻板印象,并发现了积极的成果。

机会无处不在,即使美国经济的威力似乎在逐月减弱。与此同时,在中等收入阶层的消费者中,通货膨胀正开始打击他们的痛处。这两种观点乍一看似乎自相矛盾。

奥利弗-陈(Oliver Chen)领导的 Cowen 研究人员发现,收入在 5 万至 10 万美元之间的家庭中,有 66% 预计会因通胀而放缓支出,高于上个月的 63%。他们估计,科尔百货公司的核心顾客收入也在这一范围内,即 8 万至 11 万美元之间。[1]

大流行病和大流行病后的调整使那些面向美国中等收入人群的零售商无法预测 "一切照旧"。消费者的行为比预期更快地回归到平均水平,难以预测不可预测的需求。由于港口积压和运输停滞,长达数月的供应紧张使情况雪上加霜。有财力的零售商能够通过采用创新的货运策略和替代采购方式来解决供应链问题,但即使是财力雄厚的零售商也无法应对快速变化的需求。

现在,许多同样的零售商正面临着库存问题,而对节前供应链延误的膝跳式反应又加剧了库存问题。塔吉特(Target)、沃尔玛(Walmart)、梅西百货(Macy's)、科尔百货(Kohl's)以及盖普(Gap)和美国之鹰(American Eagle)等其他零售商都报告了库存水平上升、家具等品类产品过剩以及营业利润率下降等问题。在 2022 年 6 月的一份库存报告中,2PM 对一些以吸引美国中等收入人群著称的零售商表示担忧:Bath & Body Works、Ross Stores、Carter's、Target、沃尔玛、TJX Companies、Foot Locker 和 Kohl's。

科尔百货公司(Kohl's)的处境最为危险,其大流行后库存的增长幅度位居第三(仅次于塔吉特百货公司(Target)和罗斯百货公司(Ross))。然而,在这三家店中,罗斯店第一季度和第二季度的销售额跌幅最大(报告附后)。

但是,美国中等收入者美国中等收入者并不是一个概念。大众零售商的困境说明了美国中等收入阶层所特有的问题。对于那些预测零售业向某些地区扩张的可行性的分析师和研究人员来说,美国中等收入者的收入已经演变成了不同的含义:

俄亥俄州哥伦布市的 Gucci。密歇根州特洛伊的香奈儿佛罗里达州那不勒斯的爱马仕[2]

为这些奢侈品零售商工作的分析师们的意思是,美国中产阶级的收入现在已经足以让他们中的许多人投资于房地产,并在那些曾被遗忘的地区就业。对于这些 "二线城市 "来说,它们不再是美国中等收入群体的象征。长期以来,分析师们一直认为中西部等地区符合这两种描述,但零售商们却认为这种长期以来的解释存在分歧。零售数据说明了这一点:他们发现,有足够多的前 10%的人喜欢俄亥俄州、密歇根州和宾夕法尼亚州温和的气候和谦逊的态度。或者奥斯汀、那不勒斯、斯科茨代尔或纳什维尔等地的低税率和酷热。

美国的中部地区正在逐渐摆脱人们的印象,即它代表了集中的中等收入美国人群体。对于那些希望与非沿海地区的高收入消费者打交道的零售品牌来说,这其中蕴藏着商机。信不信由你,你可以在任何地方找到这些消费者--甚至在田纳西州、俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州和密歇根州。数据继续显示了这一点。在 2021 年 9 月的《纽约、洛杉矶和哥伦布》一文中,我提出了这样一个观点:最终,消费者会将美国的二线城市视为上层零售业的理想之地。哥伦布代表了许多被遗忘的城市:

消费结构让越来越多的奢侈品牌确信,他们已经做好了拓展市场的准备。财富和机遇正在消散。在我的成长过程中,我一直认为要想取得成功,就必须身处纽约、洛杉矶或旧金山。如果你是一个来自南方或中西部的孩子,除非你游历丰富,否则你会认为你的成功取决于你是否靠近世界的中心。现在的情况甚至不如十年前了。

在全球最优秀的零售商所熟知的沿海中心城市之外,一直存在着收入较高的奢侈品消费者,但这一流行病很可能加速了这些消费者在圣路易斯和奥斯汀等城市及其周边地区的增长:

拥有圣罗兰(Saint Laurent)和宝缇嘉-维纳塔(Bottega Veneta)的开云集团(Kering)表示,计划在未来几年内开设30多家美国新店,包括在新奥尔良和圣路易斯开设古驰精品店,以及在底特律开设圣罗兰专卖店,以充分利用美国快速增长的需求。位于哥伦布的新古驰专卖店--公司在俄亥俄州的第一家独立专卖店--已于7月开业,另一家位于奥斯汀的新店也已于4月开业。

开云集团首席执行官弗朗索瓦-亨利-皮诺(Francois-Henri Pinault)今年早些时候在概述该集团的美国发展计划时对记者说:"这些城市已经发生了结构性变化,这不仅仅是一个高峰,"他认为这是一个永久性的转变,已经把这些城市变成了奢侈品牌的长期市场。[2]

美国的大部分财富将永远集中在旧金山、纽约和洛杉矶等地,但奢侈品的顶级零售商们终于开始关注他们的顾客。看似高风险的房地产投资,实际上可以对冲零售额的下降。正如《华尔街日报》所指出的,像科尔百货(Kohl's)这样的主流零售商将面临 "通胀飙升带来的消费减少"。但这也承认,富裕消费者更能抵御通胀的影响。

奢侈品消费者无处不在,要接触到他们,最好的办法莫过于在他们的社区附近开设专卖店。对于古驰(Gucci)、爱马仕(Hermès)和普拉达(Prada)这样的零售商来说,门店的重点不是库存,而是体验。这是塔吉特百货(Target)和科尔百货(Kohl's)无法比拟的。体验式零售无可替代。

在俄亥俄州哥伦布市,该州唯一一家独立的古驰专卖店与两家 LVMH 集团的宠儿毗邻而居:一家蒂芙尼专卖店和一家路易威登专卖店。这些零售商在伊斯顿镇中心取得了巨大成功,伊斯顿镇中心是该地区最引人注目和最成功的零售开发项目。这表明,世界上许多最顶级的品牌都有机会通过寻找新的消费者群体来扩大自己的影响力,这些消费者渴望只有实体零售店才能提供的深度关系。这听起来像是一个悖论,但在哥伦布、纳什维尔和奥斯汀等城市,实体零售正在以真实而有意义的方式接触新的消费者。

中美洲收入和美国中等收入已不再是同一个概念,这已成为共识。美国中等 收入不再被视为中等 收入 平均收入或中西部 收入。美国的中等收入也不再被视为某些地区特有的收入。随着通货膨胀不断侵蚀各个地区和各个人口群体的可支配收入。最优秀的零售商将努力在任何地方找到更多的目标消费者。

作者:Web Smith | 编辑:Hilary Milnes,美术:Alex Remy 和 Christina Williams

Member Brief: A New Strategy

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Once per month, we will share an insight to our executive member audience. It will be short, digestible and often debatable. 

本会员简报专为以下人士设计 执行委员为了方便加入,您可以点击下面的链接,获取数百份报告、我们的 DTC 权力清单和其他工具,帮助您做出高水平的决策。

在此加入

第 272 号A 级 "前进之路

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The worst thing to happen to the American mall is the boom of online-first modern luxury companies. And it’s also the best thing to happen to the American mall.

There are 1,100+ malls in America and approximately 320 are graded Tier A. We have an oversupply of malls but that does not mean that traditional, anchored shopping centers no longer have a place in consumerism. We’d argue that Tier A malls have yet to see their best years. We expect their footfall traffic KPIs to grow, while B and C tiered malls continue their trends toward repurposed real estate and other methods to maintain footfall traffic KPIs (mall opportunity, sales opportunity, and store performance).

Suzanne Mulvee, director of research at CoStar, cites that “lower-quality malls in markets with smaller populations and lower incomes will continue to close” —a trend that persists today. And here’s a data based position:

Green Street Advisors, a research firm, forecast a 6.0 percent drop in market revenue per available foot (RevPaF) for class-B and -C malls from 2018 to 2022, versus a 0.5 percent increase for class-A malls during the same period. 

Private market values of class-B and -C malls have also dropped the most since January 2017, according to Green Street, plunging 27.0 percent and 25.0 percent, respectively, year-over-year. Meanwhile, the values of class-A malls declined by 14.0 percent year-over-year.

National Real Estate Investor

So what does this mean for digitally vertical native brands (DNVB), old and new? In short, online-first brands should be positioning their product offering for inclusion in Tier A malls. First, let’s look at the established. A retail presence for DNVBs varies, as such:

  • Harry’s has a prominent position in J. Crew shops (Tier A)
  • Shinola has marquee positioning as stand alone stores (Tier A)
  • Mizzen + Main has prominent position at Nordstrom (Tier A)
  • Bevel has showroom real estate at Macys (Tier A / B)
  • Warby Parker has great stand alone stores (Tier A)
  • Greats has marquee positioning at Nordstrom (Tier A)
  • Ministry of Supply has great stand alone stores in Tier A areas
  • Homage has great stand alone stores (Tier A)
  • Bonobos has stand alone stores and Nordstrom positioning (Tier A)
  • MeUndies has positioning at Nordstrom (Tier A)
  • Goop is opening sponsored pop ups (Tier A)

There are very few presences in Tier B malls and virtually no DNVB presence in Tier C malls. These brands have done a wonderful job positioning themselves as modern luxury companies. They’ve been incubated online for five to ten years and they’ve become prominent enough to live as lifestyle brands in traditional retail spaces. It’s a forgone conclusion that omni-channel operations should be a focus for DNVBs; retail real estate analysis is a skill that is becoming more and more important. And DNVB’s are well-positioned to benefit from the Tier A adoption of the online brands. Recall this quote from Issue No. 265:


2PM’s Meghan Terwilliger had this to say:

Luxury, however you define it, is a brand’s embodiment of characteristics that make it desirable. Historically, those characteristics have been more ‘What’ features like quality, exclusivity, and cost. You can still define luxury as characteristics that make a brand desirable, but those characteristics have shifted. Quality is table stakes.

The characteristics that make brands more desirable are ‘how’ features like excellent customer experience (how do I experience the brand), meaningful brand mission (how do they give back/make a difference), and community engagement. Is it artist-created and excessively expensive? Maybe not. But if it is a product, or even an entire experience that is highly desirable, it can be considered a luxurious brand. DNVBs just so happen to possess a great infrastructure to support the characteristics that define modern luxury.


There are DNVBs that are launching daily. It is important that these brands understand that online retail mechanics has its limits. For these brands to expand into $30 million or more in annual revenue, omni-channel strategy can provide longterm growth. Additionally, this can reinvigorate top funnel sales through online channels.

Here are the top five suggestions for DNVBs launching today:

  • Master the first product. Bonobos began with pants, Mizzen + Main with a single white dress shirt, and Bevel with one blade.
  • Develop a strong sense of product ambassadorship. Mizzen + Main targets millennials, but the most capable buyers are between the age of 34-45. Developing a sense of loyalty with them can pay dividends. For their peers that don’t shop online, they’ll become a top funnel driver of them to your brick and mortar locations.
  • Avoid discount promotion, even at the beginning. Price stability over time is crucial. The moment that a brand is seen as a discounter, the Tier A mall demographic loses interest (with few exceptions).
  • Emphasize advertising to Tier A mall consumers. When DNVB’s grow online, they need to focus on the customers that possess the greatest LTV (lifetime value) potential. This correlates with Tier A mall shoppers.
  • Establish relationships with non-competitive retailers. It can be a powerful signal of longterm viability when existing brands co-sign your early product. This is most often seen by way of product collaborations, cross-promotion, or merchandising your products in their flagship stores.

Retailers that appeal to…the upper class are thriving. One look at Houston’s Galleria, Columbus’ Easton Town Center, or Miami’s Bal Harbour Shops will confirm as such. This is the future that many in retail are planning for. So no, retail is not dead. But retail is leaving the middle class behind because, frankly, so are we.

2PM Member Brief No. 5

In the first sentence, I wrote that online retail is the best and worst thing to happen to malls. In many ways, this is true. The shuttering of weaker retailers and shopping centers is long overdue. Experts attribute this trend to the emergence of online retail brands (and the excessive private equity debt that these retailers accrued to compete with them).

We have more retail real estate than any developed country on earth. Malls are not dying, the bad ones are. While eCommerce efficiency is appealing to digital marketers, the brick and mortar channel is golden for brand operatives who are establishing their brands as modern luxury products. Marketing is arithmetic, whereas brand-building is more of a subjective art. If you were to ask the chief executives at each of the aforementioned brands, they would point to their brick and mortar successes as great milestones. There will be fewer malls in the coming the years, but an early bet on the ones that remain will position young DNVBs for omni-channel success.

Read the rest of the issue.

By Web Smith and Meghan Terwilliger | About 2PM